Kandake Amanirenas: Rēgīna Nubiae

Kandake Amanirenas: Rēgīna Nubiae (Kandake Amanirena: Queen of Nubia) is a sheltered-vocabulary Latin novella published by Emma Vanderpool in 2020. It tells the story of Amanirena, queen of Nubia, who fought against the Romans during the age of Augustus and plundered the famous "Meroe head" now found in the British Museum. It is notable for centering a non-Roman culture and for having a woman of color as the protagonist. It also features a high number of words per sentence and subordinate clauses per sentence. This is accomplished largely through repetition and by using subordinate clauses with analogs in English (e.g. quodquamquam.

Available from Amazon.

Reading level

The blurb on the back cover states that this novella is for "intermediate-mid and above" readers, and the author’s introduction states that it is intended for students in their second or third year of study. Comprehensible Antiquity puts this novella at Level F.

Diverse & Multicultural Identities

For information about how representation of multicultural and diverse identities is analyzed in LNDb, see here.

Parallel cultures

The story centers on a parallel culture: it is told from the perspective of the queen of Nubia and her people, with the Romans as outsiders. The fact that all the non-Roman characters are people of color is also significant.

Gender

Features one cis female main character (Amanirena). Features no cis male main characters or transgender main characters.

Sexual identity

Features a depiction of heterosexual identity: Amanirena is married to a man, the king of Nubia, whose death early in the story makes her queen regnant.

SES/class

No depictions identified.

Religion

Features depictions of Nubian and Egyptian religion. Upon seeing a statue of Augustus set up in the temple of Isis, Amanirena orders the statue to be destroyed and its head cut off. The head is brought back into Nubia, where it is offered to the Nubian gods. (This head is the famous "Meroe head" on display in the British Museum.)

Disability

Late in the story, Amanirena experiences a partial loss of sight when a Roman soldier cuts out one of her eyes. Her disability is described as not hindering her qualities as a leader: "Quod Rōmānus mīles oculum tēlō secāverat, Amanirena solum ūnum oculum habēbat. Amanirena nōn aegra erat. Nōn perterrita erat. Quamquam ūnum oculum habēbat, fortis et audāx mīles in proeliō fuerat et erat." Though her disability is not mentioned any further than these sentences, there are so few novellas that feature disability that this instance bears mentioning.

Language Statistics

Vocabulary

Word counts may differ from the author's advertised figures. See here for information about how words are counted in LNDb.

Word List

A complete word list for Kandake Amanirenas: Rēgīna Nubiae can be found here.

Glosses

This novella contains glosses in the form of footnotes with English translations.

Of the 158 unique words (not counting proper nouns) used in the text, 31 of them (19.6%) are glossed at their first appearance in the text. Of the 2966 total words in the text, 141 of them (4.8%) are glossed.

Glossary

This novella contains a Latin-English glossary, with every form of each word listed separately and grouped under a single definition. The glossary is complete; save for a few minor oversights, every word is included.

Syntax

Word counts may differ from the author's advertised figures. See here for information about how words are counted in LNDb.

Summary

The graph above shows the vocabulary and syntax of the novella relative to the other novellas studied. A higher position on the graph means that this novella scores higher than average in this criterion. These scores are not necessarily tied to reading level; this graph is descriptive of the novella's language rather than predictive of its difficulty.

Genre & Sources

This novella is in the genre of historical (Classical).

It is an adaptation of the story of Amanirena, queen of Nubia in the late first century BCE. The details of the attempted Roman conquest of Nubia and the resistance of Amanirena are found in Strabo (17.53–54), Cassius Dio (54.5), and, in less detail, Pliny the Elder (6.181, 186). The author also notes that it may be good preparation for reading Caesar.

CONTAINS SPOILERS
Amanirena, a good leader in both war and peace, becomes queen of Nubia at the death of her husband. Augustus captures Egypt and wishes to extend the boundaries of the empire southward into Nubia. He sends an envoy from Egypt into Arabia Felix, but the Romans, stricken by the arid conditions, are defeated there. Meanwhile, Amanirena, hearing that the envoy is away from Egypt, attacks and captures two Roman-occupied cities. She sees a statue of Augustus that the Romans had put in the Temple of Isis, and orders the head of the statue to be removed. A Roman soldier, seeing the destruction of the statue, cuts out Amanirena's eye. Amanirena brings the statue head back to Nubia and buries it underneath the steps of a temple there as an offering to the Nubian gods. Meanwhile, Augustus sends a new envoy, who retakes the two Egyptian cities and attacks a Nubian city. The Romans defeat the Nubians and kill Amanirena's son in the battle. The Romans enter Nubian territory and build a garrison there. After negotiations, both the Romans and Nubians agree to a treaty, but it is seen as a victory by both—the Romans extended their territory, and the Nubians were not forced to pay tribute.

First 100 Words

Underlined words are glossed in the text. See also the preview found on Amazon.

Nōn solum Aegyptus sed etiam Nūbia erant in Africā. Nūbae in merīdiem spectant. In Nūbiā sōl erat calidus sed calidissimus!
Teriqetas, rēx magnus et fortis, Nūbiam rēgnābat. Teriqetas marītus Amanirenae erat.
Amanirena erat rēgīna sapiēns. Nūbae magnam pecūniam habēbant quod Amanirena cōnsilia magna capiēbat. Amanirena mīles fortis et audāx erat quod mīlitēs in proelium ducēbat et multōs hostēs necābat.
Teriqetas perterritus erat quod Rōmānī fortiōrēs et fortiōrēs erant. Rōmānī in septentriōnēs spectant. Imperātor Rōmānus, Augustus, Aegyptum cēperat. Teriqetas audīvit imperātōrem Nūbiam capere velle.
Amanirena magna nōn erat quod fēmina erat. Amanirena magna nōn erat quod rēgīna erat. Fuerant multae rēgīnae in Nūbiā. …

Studies show that a reader should understand 98% of the words in a text in order to have a good chance of comprehending it. One rule of thumb is to read the first hundred words and count the number of unfamiliar words. If there are two or fewer unfamiliar words, it can be read without much difficulty. Three to five unfamiliar words is possible to read, but may be difficult. If there are six or more unfamiliar words, the text may be too difficult.

Supplementary Materials

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Presentation

Illustrations? no
Illustrator N/A
Macrons? yes
Font Calibri, 15 pt
Pages of story 61
Total pages 76
Chapters 12

Key Information

Publication date February 8, 2020
Publisher Independently published
ISBN 8602567236
ISBN-13 979-8602567236